ESP32時鐘秒準
(最終版）

這是一個幾乎完整的程式，至少目前我時這麼認為，當然也有想要再改的，現在是逐一資料顯示，如果可以一次更新LCD，應該可以省下一些時間，但我覺得目前的程式易於閱讀，就不想改了。

之前的版整都是用 time.delay所以極耗資源，而且反應緩慢，後來改用 timer 如下的二行程式應該為核心程式
timer.init(period=1000, mode=Timer.PERIODIC, callback=timer_callback)

button_timer.init(period=50, mode=Timer.PERIODIC, callback=button_check)

用定時器在每一秒更新LCD螢幕上的資料，按鍵定時器隨時監測有沒有按鍵被按，在此範例中設定的按鍵有關閉LCD版光，跟時間跟網路資訊的切換。

功能說明：

1.開機時先連上網路，並進行對時。

2.第0行顯示日期、連網狀態、星期英文縮寫

3 .第1行顯示時間、溫度及溼度

4 .設定定時器為每秒顯示一次時間

5 .設定0 .1秒檢查按鈕有沒有按下，有時分辨執行GPIO14或是GPIO27內建程序

6 .主循環檢查於4:00進行時間校正，並且防止重複校正的情況發生

接腳說明：

DHT11 S訊號接 GPIO13

DHT11 ＋接GPIO12

GPIO14 為LCD背光按鈕

GPIO27為 顯示主機名稱及IP按鈕

1602 SDA GPIO21

1602 CSL GPIO22

附屬程式：要將lcd_api.py,i2c_lcd.py要跟主程式放在同一個目錄

這個版本按鍵按住會畫面會一直閃爍

#優化後ESP32_Clock_main_adam.py

import machine

import network

import ntptime

import time

from machine import Pin, SoftI2C, RTC, Timer

from lcd_api import LcdApi

from i2c_lcd import I2cLcd

import dht  # DHT11 感測器模組

I2C_ADDR = 0x27

totalRows = 2

totalColumns = 16

SSID = "Bili-Net"

PASSWORD = "0932388283"

CustomHostmane = "Deimos-ESP32"#Phobos

rtc = RTC()

# 初始化網路設置

wifi = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)

wifi.active(True)

wifi.config(dhcp_hostname=CustomHostmane)

wifi_status = False  # 初始化 Wi-Fi 狀態為未連線

dht_sensor = dht.DHT11(Pin(13))  # 初始化 DHT11 感測器 (接在 GPIO13)

dht_power = Pin(12, Pin.OUT)

dht_power.value(1)  # 拉高 GPIO12 提供電源

backlight_control = Pin(14, Pin.IN, Pin.PULL_UP)

gpio27 = Pin(27, Pin.IN, Pin.PULL_UP)

backlight_state = False

gpio27_state = False

debounce_time_14 = 0

debounce_time_27 = 0

pause_time_update = False

timer = Timer(0)

button_timer = Timer(1)

previous_time = None

def set_timezone():

   offset = 8 * 3600  # Offset for UTC+8

   now = time.time() + offset

   tm = time.localtime(now)

   rtc.datetime((tm[0], tm[1], tm[2], 0, tm[3], tm[4], tm[5], 0))

   print('Timezone set to Taipei (UTC+8). Current RTC time:', rtc.datetime())

def connect_wifi():

   global wifi_status

   wifi_status = False

   wifi.connect(SSID, PASSWORD)

   max_attempts = 10

   attempt_count = 0

   while not wifi.isconnected() and attempt_count < max_attempts:

       print("等待 Wi-Fi 連線... 嘗試次數:", attempt_count + 1)

       time.sleep(1)

       attempt_count += 1

   if wifi.isconnected():

       print("Wi-Fi 連線成功:", wifi.ifconfig())

       wifi_status = True

       #lcd.move_to(0, 0)

       #lcd.putstr("WiFi Linked")

       #time.sleep(0.5)

       #update_display()  # 在Wi-Fi連線後更新顯示

   else:

       print("Wi-Fi 連線失敗，已達最大嘗試次數")

def sync_time():

   try:

       ntptime.settime()

       set_timezone()

       print("時間校對完成:", time.localtime())

   #    update_display()

   except:

       print("時間校對失敗")

i2c = SoftI2C(scl=Pin(22), sda=Pin(21), freq=10000)

lcd = I2cLcd(i2c, I2C_ADDR, totalRows, totalColumns)

def debounce_control(pin, debounce_time, delay=100):

   current_time = time.ticks_ms()

   if pin.value() == 0 and (current_time - debounce_time > delay):

       debounce_time = current_time

       return True, debounce_time

   return False, debounce_time

def control_backlight():

   global backlight_state, debounce_time_14

   triggered, debounce_time_14 = debounce_control(backlight_control, debounce_time_14)

   if triggered:

       backlight_state = not backlight_state

       if backlight_state:

           lcd.backlight_on()

       else:

           lcd.backlight_off()

def control_gpio27():

   global gpio27_state, debounce_time_27, pause_time_update

   triggered, debounce_time_27 = debounce_control(gpio27, debounce_time_27)

   if triggered:

       gpio27_state = not gpio27_state

       pause_time_update = not pause_time_update

       update_display()

def get_weekday_abbreviation(t):

   weekdays = ["Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat", "Sun"]

   return weekdays[t[6]]  # t[6] 是星期，其中0是星期一，6是星期日

def restore_display(date, time_str, wifi_status, temp, hum):

   """恢復顯示日期、時間、Wi-Fi 狀態以及溫溼度"""

   wifi_indicator = "W" if wifi_status else "X"

   weekday_abbr = get_weekday_abbreviation(time.localtime())  # 這裡用time.localtime()假定你想顯示當前星期

   lcd.clear()  # 只有在更新時才清除和重寫LCD

   lcd.move_to(0, 0)

   lcd.putstr(date + " " * (totalColumns - len(date) - 3))

   lcd.move_to(totalColumns - 5, 0)

   lcd.putstr(wifi_indicator)

   lcd.move_to(totalColumns - 3, 0)

       ##### 顯示星期的縮寫######

   lcd.putstr(weekday_abbr)

   lcd.move_to(0, 1)

   lcd.putstr(current_time)  # 只顯示時間

   if temp is not None and hum is not None:

       lcd.putstr(time_str + " {:2d}C {:2d}%".format(temp, hum))

   else:

       lcd.putstr(time_str + " NaC Na%")

def update_display():

   global previous_time, previous_date, previous_temp, previous_hum, previous_wifi_status

   now = time.localtime()

   current_date = format_date(now)

   current_time = format_time(now)

   weekday_abbr = get_weekday_abbreviation(now)  # 獲取星期縮寫

   wifi_indicator = "W" if wifi_status else "X"

   if gpio27_state:

       hostname, ip = get_hostname_and_ip()

       lcd.clear()

       lcd.move_to(0, 0)

       lcd.putstr(hostname + " " * (totalColumns - len(hostname)))  # 顯示 hostname

       lcd.move_to(0, 1)

       lcd.putstr(ip + " " * (totalColumns - len(ip)))

   else:

       lcd.clear()

       lcd.move_to(0, 0)

       lcd.putstr(current_date + " " * (totalColumns - len(current_date)))  # 顯示日期

       lcd.move_to(totalColumns - 5, 0)

       lcd.putstr(wifi_indicator)  # 顯示 Wi-Fi 狀態

       lcd.move_to(totalColumns - 3, 0)

       ##### 顯示星期的縮寫######

       #lcd.move_to(totalColumns - len(weekday_abbr) - 3, 0)

       lcd.putstr(weekday_abbr)

       lcd.move_to(0, 1)

       lcd.putstr(current_time)  # 只顯示時間

       lcd.move_to(len(current_time) + 1, 1)

       lcd.putstr("{:2d}C {:2d}%".format(previous_temp, previous_hum))

previous_temp = None

previous_hum = None

previous_date = None

previous_time = None

previous_wifi_status = None

previous_weekday_abbr=None

def timer_callback(timer):

   global previous_time, previous_date, previous_temp, previous_hum, previous_wifi_status,previous_weekday_abbr

   if not pause_time_update:

       now = time.localtime()

       current_time = format_time(now)

       current_date = format_date(now)

       temp, hum = read_dht11()

       current_weekday_abbr = get_weekday_abbreviation(now)

       wifi_current_status = wifi_status

       # 檢查日期是否有變化並更新

       if current_date != previous_date:

           lcd.move_to(0, 0)

           lcd.putstr(current_date + " " * (totalColumns - len(current_date)))

           previous_date = current_date

       # 檢查時間是否有變化並更新

       if current_time != previous_time:

           lcd.move_to(0, 1)

           lcd.putstr(current_time)

           previous_time = current_time

       # 檢查Wi-Fi狀態是否有變化並更新

       if wifi_current_status != previous_wifi_status:

           lcd.move_to(totalColumns - 5, 0)

           wifi_indicator = "W" if wifi_current_status else "W"

           lcd.putstr(wifi_indicator)

           previous_wifi_status = wifi_current_status

       if previous_weekday_abbr != current_weekday_abbr:

           lcd.move_to(totalColumns - 3, 0)

           lcd.putstr(current_weekday_abbr)

           previous_weekday_abbr = current_weekday_abbr

       # 檢查溫濕度是否有變化並更新

       if temp != previous_temp or hum != previous_hum:

           lcd.move_to(len(current_time) + 1, 1)

           if temp is not None and hum is not None:

               lcd.putstr("{:2d}C {:2d}%".format(temp, hum))

           else:

               lcd.putstr("NaC Na%")

           previous_temp = temp

           previous_hum = hum

def button_check(timer):

   control_backlight()

   control_gpio27()

def format_time(t):

   return "{:02}:{:02}:{:02}".format(t[3], t[4], t[5])

def format_date(t):

   return "{:04}-{:02}-{:02}".format(t[0], t[1], t[2])

def get_hostname_and_ip():

   if wifi.isconnected():

       return wifi.config('dhcp_hostname'), wifi.ifconfig()[0]

   return None, None

def read_dht11():

   try:

       dht_sensor.measure()

       return dht_sensor.temperature(), dht_sensor.humidity()

   except:

       return None, None

sync_done = False

connect_wifi()

sync_time()

timer.init(period=1000, mode=Timer.PERIODIC, callback=timer_callback)

button_timer.init(period=50, mode=Timer.PERIODIC, callback=button_check)

while True:

   now = time.localtime()

   if now[3] == 4 and now[4] == 0 and not sync_done:

       sync_time()

       sync_done = True

   if now[3] == 0 and now[4] == 0 and sync_done:

       sync_done = False

   time.sleep(0.1)

這段程式碼是一個主循環，用於在特定時間同步系統時間，並依據條件控制同步行為。這是實現定時任務的常見方法，特別是在嵌入式系統或類似應用中。以下是這段程式碼各部分的具體說明：

程式碼解析

python

複製程式碼

while True:

    now = time.localtime()  # 獲取當前本地時間

    # 檢查當前時間是否是早上4:00，並且是否未同步

    if now[3] == 4 and now[4] == 0 and not sync_done:

        sync_time()  # 執行時間同步

        sync_done = True  # 標記已完成同步

    # 檢查當前時間是否是午夜0:00，並且已經同步過

    if now[3] == 0 and now[4] == 0 and sync_done:

        sync_done = False  # 重置同步標記以便於下一次同步

    time.sleep(0.1)  # 程式休眠0.1秒，以減少CPU負載

功能說明

1. 無限循環 (while True):

   • 這是一個無限循環，使得程式能夠持續運行，不斷檢查時間並執行相應的操作。

2. 時間獲取 (time.localtime()):

   • time.localtime() 函數獲取當前的本地時間，返回一個結構化時間，其中 now[3] 表示小時，now[4] 表示分鐘。

3. 條件檢查與時間同步:

   • 如果當前時間是早上4:00（now[3] == 4 and now[4] == 0），且之前沒有進行過同步（not sync_done），則調用 sync_time() 函數進行時間同步。同步後，設置 sync_done = True 來避免在同一分鐘內重複同步。

   • 如果當前時間是午夜0:00（now[3] == 0 and now[4] == 0），且已經完成了之前的同步（sync_done 為 True），則重置 sync_done 為 False。這樣做是為了在下一次達到同步條件時能夠再次執行同步。

4. 休眠 (time.sleep(0.1)):

   • time.sleep(0.1) 使得程式每隔0.1秒檢查一次條件，這樣可以有效減少CPU的負載，使得程式更高效地運行。

目的

這段程式的主要目的是確保系統時間能在每天特定時間點自動同步，這對於需要保持精確時間的應用來說非常重要，特別是在可能無法手動校正時間的嵌入式系統中。